The short-term letting sector in Scotland is a friend and a foe, depending on your perspective. For the landlord and tourist in an Edinburgh hotspot, it is definitely a friend in terms of the choice it offers.
But for the neighbour in the same tenement or close, it may be seen as the foe, particularly if there are issues of noise and antisocial behaviour.
For the Scottish economy, the sector has economic benefits but also social costs. The business I work in has its own short-term letting operation (focused on the Edinburgh Festival), but the short-term letting industry also clearly takes away stock from our core private rented sector (PRS) letting business.
Dealing with short-term letting means trying to retain the benefits while limiting the costs.
The Scottish Government's recent consultation document on the sector acknowledges the impact that sector is having on the availability of housing stock, affordability and quality of life for residents.
The main problems, however, largely seem confined to the tourist hotspots, notably in and around the centre of Edinburgh, some parts of central Glasgow and the likes of Skye. Impacts elsewhere seem muted.
In Edinburgh, Airbnb listings (from the leading provider but far from the only one) have jumped from near zero in a decade to around 12,000 last year. Edinburgh now has a higher density of such listings (240 per 10,000 residents) than places like Barcelona, Berlin, Dublin and London, all of which have introduced regulations for the sector of varying degrees of severity.
Analysis by Rettie has highlighted that core PRS stock listings have been falling in the city over the last 4-5 years, coinciding with the sharp rise of Airbnb. In some parts of the centre and north of the city, such listings are 20-30% down. In some parts of the city centre, rents are now over 40% higher over the same time period, with areas with high Airbnb concentrations rising fastest.
There are a number of factors that the Scottish Government has to take account of.
- It needs to define short-term letting – there is currently no statutory definition and practice can vary widely.
- Any regulation should focus on that part of the industry that seems to be having the most significant consequences, i.e. commercial letting (particularly with shared communal areas) rather than sharing and swapping.
- More professional, ‘corporate’ style short-term letting tend to cause fewer problems than purely ‘holiday’ lets.
- The impact is also lower from short-term lets used for specific periods of peak tourism demand (such as the Festival) than those let for all or most of the year.
- As a minimum, there needs to be a registration scheme so that activity can at least be monitored. There also needs to be investment into monitoring and evaluating the impacts of the sector.
- A licensing system is probably desirable for hotspot areas, but it will need resources for enforcement or will have only limited effectiveness.
- The use of charging should be considered to raise funds for enforcement or help to create a ‘level playing field’ in hotspot areas with core PRS, but getting such charging ‘just right’ is going to be a fraught process.
- Proposed measures need to be adequately piloted to assess impacts.
- Regulation needs to put short-term letting on the same footing as longer-term letting (SPRT) on safety standards.
Investors in the sector will need to be careful. Regulation is inevitable and short-term letting will likely no longer be as profitable or easy once legislation is introduced. Creating a more ‘level playing field’ with a much more tightly regulated core PRS may lead to some landlords moving back to core PRS.
But the government also needs to be careful – good regulation is fine and will help the short-term letting sector to thrive while countering some of its more harmful side effects. However, bad regulation will damage the tourist industry and the wider Scottish economy (there are already lessons from the likes of Berlin on this). This will be a difficult balance to achieve.
News coverage:
Insider.co.uk
Scotsman.com